Ed Tech Models & Frameworks: TPACK

Instructional DesignWeek 2
Written By CCC
 

The TPACK model is an educational framework that helps to integrate technology effectively into teaching, training, and learning and development. Developed by Mishra and Koehler (2006), the TPACK model emphasizes the interconnectedness of three core knowledge domains: Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), and Technological Knowledge (TK). The goal of the TPACK framework is to create meaningful and effective learning experiences by understanding the dynamic relationships between the three domains. In this post, let’s explore what the TPACK framework is, how it can support our instructional design, and how it can be applied to the organizational learning context.

 

Core Knowledge Domains

Content Knowledge (CK)

Content knowledge refers to the teacher or instructor’s understanding of the subject matter. It includes the facts, concepts, theories, and principles that are essential to the discipline. For example, a facilitator leading a workshop on managing organizational change needs a deep understanding of change management theories and models, such as Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model, Lewin’s Change Management Theory, or ADKAR.

 

Pedagogical Knowledge (PK)

Pedagogical knowledge involves understanding the methods and strategies for effective teaching. It includes classroom management, lesson planning, and instructional techniques that cater to diverse learners. In the previous example, the same facilitator would know how to design and facilitate an engaging workshop using active learning strategies, such as group discussions, case studies, and role-playing.

 

Technological Knowledge (TK)

The technological knowledge is the efficient use of technology tools and platforms. It includes understanding how to operate devices, software, and applications, as well as the ability to evaluate their usefulness in teaching and learning. For example, a facilitator understands how to use platforms like Microsoft Teams, Miro, or Vevox to run virtual training sessions that include features like breakout rooms, live polls, and virtual whiteboards.

 

The intersection of domains

The TPACK framework emphasizes the importance of the overlaps between the three domains:

  • Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK): The integration of pedagogy and content, focusing on how to deliver specific subject matter effectively.

  • Technological Content Knowledge (TCK): Understanding how technology can enhance or transform content delivery, such as using role-play in conflict resolution trainings.

  • Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK): Knowing how to use technology to support different teaching strategies, like leveraging collaboration tools for group engagements.

At the centre of the model lies TPACK, where the three domains intersect. This represents the ability to use technology in pedagogically sound ways to teach and deliver specific content effectively. For example, an organizational development trainer might use a virtual reality simulation (TK) to teach conflict resolution skills (CK) through role-playing exercises (PK).

Diagram of TPACK framework

The TPACK Framework

TPACK is a technology integration framework that identifies three types of knowledge for successful ed tech integration—content, pedagogical, and technological knowledge.

Image reproduced by permission of the publisher, © 2012 by tpack.org.

Benefits of the TPACK model

 The TPACK framework encourages educators and instructional designers to move beyond using technology for the simple sake of it or to make content “flashy”. Instead, it emphasizes thoughtful integration, where technology supports both pedagogy and content. By focusing on the interplay between these domains, TPACK promotes innovative teaching and training practices that are both engaging and effective.

Applying TPACK in organizational learning

To apply TPACK, organizational learning specialists and instructional designers should start by identifying their strengths in each domain and consider how these areas overlap. Reflecting on specific learning goals and evaluating how technology can support those goals is key. While mastering TPACK requires practice and adaptation, it serves as a powerful guide for creating transformative learning experiences in the modern classroom. Some ideas to apply in the organizational learning context can include:

Onboarding New Employees with Interactive E-Learning

  • Content Knowledge (CK): The on-boarding curriculum includes organizational policies, values, and procedures.

  • Pedagogical Knowledge (PK): The trainer uses micro-learning and formative assessments to make content digestible and engaging for new employees.

  • Technological Knowledge (TK): An interactive Learning Management System (LMS) with gamified modules and quizzes is used.

Example: New employees complete a gamified e-learning course where they earn badges for mastering company values and participate in a virtual walk-through of their workplace using 360-degree videos.

 

Leadership Development Through Virtual Role-Playing

  • Content Knowledge (CK): The focus is on developing conflict resolution and decision-making skills for managers.

  • Pedagogical Knowledge (PK): Role-playing is used as a training method to simulate real organizational scenarios and encourage active learning.

  • Technological Knowledge (TK): An AI-driven simulation is employed to immerse managers in realistic workplace conversations and challenges.

Example: Managers use LinkedIn Learning’s AI role-play to practice handling employee grievances in a safe, simulated environment, receiving instant feedback on their performance. 

 

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Training

  • Content Knowledge (CK): The training focuses on understanding unconscious bias, inclusive practices, and cultural competency.

  • Pedagogical Knowledge (PK): Experiential learning techniques, such as storytelling and group discussions, are incorporated.

  • Technological Knowledge (TK): Digital tools like video storytelling and collaborative tools (e.g., Miro or Zoom breakout rooms) can be used. 

Example: Employees watch interactive video case studies highlighting real-world DEI challenges and then collaborate in virtual breakout rooms to discuss and co-create inclusive solutions.

Wait. What does the “A” in TPACK stands for?

I’m going to be honest: I have no idea. I couldn’t find any references or mentions of what the “A” could be, other than it was potentially added in to make the word pronounceable.

References:

CCC http://3ch.ca
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